Proposal of accuracy analysis of indoor tracking systems in basketball / Proposta de análise de precisão de sistemas de rastreamento interno em basquetebol

ABSTRACT The development of tracking technology caused a exponentially grow-up of research into this topic. The use of standardized methodologies is useful to contrast data of different studies. On the other hand, a low-cost reference system is needed. For this reason, the main aim of the present research is the description of a specific protocol to accuracy assessment of tracking location in indoor conditions in basketball. It can resume in three steps with detailed and easily procedures in the method section. The accuracy analysis method presented can report the centimeter of accuracy in each coordinate that the tracking system measure. A standardized protocol to evaluate the location on indoor conditions in basketball will provide to the sport science professionals a useful tool to analyze the accuracy and reliability of all tracking system, being the results can compare both within and between-court.

RESUMO O desenvolvimento da tecnologia de rastreamento causou um crescimento exponencial das pesquisas sobre esse tópico. O uso de metodologias padronizadas é útil para contrastar dados de diferentes estudos. Por outro lado, é necessário um sistema de referência de baixo custo. Por este motivo, o principal objetivo da presente pesquisa é a descrição de um protocolo específico para avaliação da acurácia do rastreamento de localização em condições internas no basquete. Pode retomar em três etapas com procedimentos detalhados e fáceis na seção do método. O método de análise de precisão apresentado pode relatar o centímetro de precisão em cada coordenada medida pelo sistema de rastreamento. Um protocolo padronizado para avaliar a localização em condições internas no basquetebol fornecerá aos profissionais de ciências do esporte uma ferramenta útil para analisar a precisão e a confiabilidade de todo o sistema de rastreamento, sendo que os resultados podem ser comparados dentro e entre as quadras.

Comportamiento maternal alrededor del parto y reconocimiento madre-cría en ovinos Pelibuey / Maternal behaviour around birth and mother-young recognition in Pelibuey sheep

Maternal and social behavior in multiparous Pelibuey ewes was assessed under intensive production system. The social behavior was recorded several days before and during birth. Mother-young behavior during the first hour after birth was recorded. A selective maternal test was performed at 2 hours postpartum. Eight hours after birth, a double choice test was done in mothers to asses their ability to discriminate between the own or alien lamb. While a similar double choice test was performed in 12 hours-old lambs. The agitation index when the ewes were tested without companions was lower in parturient ewes than in145 days pregnant ewes and non pregnant ewes [parturient ewes: (-0.59 ± 0.9), 145 days pregnant ewes: (2.6 ± 0.7) and non pregnant ewes (4.2 ± 0.9) P < 0.05]. During the first hour after birth the latency to stand up, to begin to look for the udder and to suck was shorter in male than female lambs, also the male lambs sucked for longer time than females (P < 0.05). During this time mothers emitted more high-pitched bleats than low-pitched bleats (P < 0.05). Besides, the ewes got shorter latencies to lick the area of head and thorax of the lamb than its tail, but they licked more frequently the lamb's tail and thorax (P < 0.03). Two hours postpartum all mothers were selective, they showed clear preference to accept to the udder their own lamb and reject actively the alien ones (P < 0.05). At eight or 12 hours, mothers and lambs spent longer time watching and staying with their own familiar animal than with the alien ones (P < 0.05). It is concluded that Pelibuey ewes show an adequate maternal temperament, and the behavior of the newborn lamb could be affected because of its sex.

Se evaluó el comportamiento materno en ovejas multíparas de raza Pelibuey en estabulación, así como la conducta social, antes y durante el parto. Se evaluó el comportamiento madre-cría durante la primera hora posparto y se realizó una prueba de selectividad a dos horas posparto. A las ocho horas se realizó una prueba de elección entre su cordero y uno ajeno. A las 12 h, a los corderos se les hizo una prueba de elección entre la madre propia y una ajena. El índice de agitación sin compañeras fue menor al parto que en ovejas a 145 días de gestación y en ovejas vacías [al parto: (-0.59 ± 0.9), con 145 días (2.6 ± 0.7) y a vacías (4.2 ± 0.9) P < 0.05]. En la primera hora posparto, los corderos machos se incorporaron, iniciaron la búsqueda de la ubre y se amantaron más rápido y por más tiempo que las hembras (P < 0.05). Las madres emitieron más balidos bajos que altos (P < 0.05); limpiaron más rápido a la cría en la cabeza y el tórax que en la cola (P < 0.05), pero limpiaron más veces la cola que el tórax (P < 0.03). A dos horas posparto, las madres fueron selectivas y rechazaron a la cría ajena (P < 0.05). A las ocho y 12 horas, tanto madres como corderos se miraron y permanecieron más tiempo con su co-familiar que con el ajeno (P < 0.05). Se concluyó que las ovejas de la raza Pelibuey muestran buena aptitud maternal, y que la conducta de la cría varía según su sexo.